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Surnames, Family Names

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O'CALLAGHAN: Anglicized form of the Irish Gaelic surname O Ceallachain, meaning "descendant of Ceallachán," a personal name meaning "little Ceallach (Kelly)."
Ó CAOIMH: Gaelic surname, meaning "descendant of Caomh," a personal name meaning "beloved, comely."
Ó CAOLLAIDHE: Irish Gaelic surname, meaning "descendant of Caolladhe," a personal name meaning "slender." O'Kealy and O'Keely are Anglicized forms.
Ó CEALLACHÁIN: Irish Gaelic surname, meaning "descendant of Ceallachán," a personal name meaning "little Ceallach." O'Callaghan is an Anglicized form.
Ó CEALLAIGH: Irish Gaelic surname, meaning "descendant of Ceallach," a personal name meaning "contention, strife, war." O'Kelly is an Anglicized form.
Ó CEARNAIGH: Gaelic surname, meaning "descendant of Cearnaigh," a personal name meaning "victor, winner." Kearney is an Anglicized form.
Ó CÉILEACHÁIN: Irish Gaelic surname, meaning "descendant of Ceileachain," a personal name meaning "little companion." Keelahan is an Anglicized form.
Ó CIANÁIN: Irish Gaelic surname meaning "descendant of Cianán, a personal name meaning "little ancient one."
Ó CILLÍN: Irish Gaelic surname, derived from the name of a small village in the county of Tyrone, Ireland, meaning "little church." Ó Cuidighthigh
O'CONNOR:
Ó CUIDIGHTHIGH: Gaelic surname meaning "descendant of Cuidightheach," a personal name meaning "helper."
ODELL: English surname, derived from a place name, composed of the Old English elements wad "woad (a plant yielding blue dye)" and hyll "hill," hence "woad hill."
Ó DONNDUBHÁIN: Gaelic surname meaning "descendant of Donndubhán," a personal name meaning "little dark brown one."
Ó DUBHÁIN: Gaelic surname meaning "descendant of Dubhán," a personal name meaning "little black one."
Ó DUBHSHLÁINE: Gaelic surname meaning "descendant of Dubhshláine," a personal name meaning "black challenger."
Ó DUIBHUIDHIR: Gaelic surname meaning "descendant of Duibhuidhir," a personal name meaning "black or dark wisdom."
OGDEN: English habitational surname, composed of the Old English elements ac "oak" and denu "valley," hence "oak valley."
O'GRIFFEY: Anglicized form of the Irish Gaelic surname Ó Gríobhtha, meaning "descendant of Gríobhtha," a personal name meaning "griffin-like."
Ó GRÍOBHTHA: Irish Gaelic surname, meaning "descendant of Gríobhtha," a personal name meaning "griffin-like." O'Griffey is an Anglicized form.
Ó HAIRMHEADHAIGH (Ó hAirmheadhaigh): Gaelic surname meaning "descendant of Airmheadhach," a byname possibly meaning "cattle-herder."
Ó hEACHTHIGHEARNA: Gaelic surname meaning "descendant of Eachthighearna," a personal name meaning "lord of horses."
O'HANLEY: Irish Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó hÁinle, meaning "descendant of Áinle."
O'KEALY: Anglicized form of the Irish Gaelic surname Ó Caollaidhe, meaning "descendant of Caolladhe," a personal name meaning "slender."
O'KEELY: Anglicized form of the Irish Gaelic surname Ó Caollaidhe, meaning "descendant of Caolladhe," a personal name meaning "slender."
O'KELLY: Anglicized form of the Irish Gaelic surname Ó Ceallaigh, meaning "descendant of Ceallach," a personal name meaning "contention, strife, war."
O'MALLEY: Anglicized form of the Irish Gaelic surname Ó Máille, meaning "descendant of the stately one."
Ó MÁILLE: Irish Gaelic surname, probably derived from the word m�ille ("stateliness"), hence "descendant of the stately one." O'Malley is an Anglicized form.
ONDERDONK: Dutch surname, probably originally a byname for someone owing thanks to someone for pardoning an offense, composed of the elements onder "under" and dank "gratitude, thankfulness," hence "under gratitude."
Ó RIAIN: Gaelic surname, meaning "descendant of Rian."
ORMEROD: English surname, composed of the Old Norse name Ormarr and Old English rod "clearing," hence "Ormarr's clearing."
ORMOND: Irish Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Ruaidh, meaning "descendant of Ruadh."
ORRELL: English surname, composed of the Old English elements ora "ore" and hyll "hill," hence "ore hill."
ORSON: English surname, derived from the old Norman French byname ourson, a diminutive of ours "bear," hence "little bear" or "bear cub."
OSBOURNE: English surname, derived from a variant form of Osborn, meaning "divine-bear."
OSGOOD: English surname, derived from the Anglo-Saxon personal name Osgod, meaning "divine Gaut."
OTIS: English surname meaning "son of Otto."
PACE: English surname, derived from the French personal name Pascal, meaning "Passover; Easter."
PAGE: English surname, derived from a status name for a young boy who was apprenticed to a knight, hence "page; young servant."
PAISLEY: Scottish Anglicized form of Gaelic Pàislig, possibly meaning "church."
PALMER: English surname, derived from Latin palma, meaning "palm tree." Before it was a surname, Palmer was an old byname for "a pilgrim," someone who had been on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land and brought back a palm branch as proof that they had actually been there.
PARKER: English occupational surname, derived from Middle English parc "park," hence "park-keeper." Note: in the Middle Ages a park was an enclosed area where the park-owner hunted game.
PARRY: Welsh Anglicized form of ap Harry, meaning "son of Harry."
PAYTON: English surname, derived from a place name composed of Old English Pæga and the word tun "enclosure, settlement," hence "Pæga's settlement."
PERCY: English surname, derived from a Norman French baronial name, itself from the Gallo-Roman personal name Persius (probably meaning "soldier"), but reanalyzed as a compound of Old French perce(r) "pierced" and haie "hedge," hence "pierced hedge." The name is often used as a pet form of Percival, meaning "pierced valley."
PERRY: English topographic surname, meaning "lives by a pear tree."
PIPER: English occupational, derived from Middle English pipere, meaning "pipe-player."
POPKYN: Welsh equivalent of the English surname Hopkin, meaning "son of Rob."
PORTER: English occupational surname meaning "doorkeeper."
PRESTON: English surname, derived from the name of numerous places composed of the Old English elements preost "priest" and tun "enclosure, settlement," hence "priest's settlement."
PRICE: English surname, derived from the Middle English element pris, meaning "price" or "prize."
PRYCE: Welsh surname, derived from ap Rhys, meaning "son of Rhys."
QUINCY: English surname, derived from the Norman baronial name Cuinchy, a derivative of Roman Quintus, meaning "fifth."
QUINLAN: Irish Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Caoindealbhán "descendant of Caoindealbhán," hence "little fair-formed one."
QUINN: Irish Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Coinn "descendant of Conn," hence "chief, freeman, head, hound, intelligence, strength."
QUINTON: English surname , derived from the name of several places composed of the Old English elements cwen "queen" and tun "enclosure, settlement," hence "queen's settlement."
RADCLIFF: English surname, derived from the name of various places composed of the Old English elements read "red" and clif "cliff, slope, riverbank," hence "red cliff."
RADLEY: English surname, derived from the name of a place composed of the Old English elements read "red" and leah "clearing, meadow," hence "red meadow."
RAIN: English surname, derived from a German short form of various names containing the element ragin ("advice, counsel"), hence "wise."
RALEIGH: English surname, derived from the name of a place in Devon composed of the Old English elements read "red" and leah "clearing, meadow," hence "red meadow."
RAMSAY: Scottish surname, derived from a place name composed of the Old English elements hramsa "wild garlic" and eg "island," hence "wild-garlic island."
READ: English surname, derived from an Old English byname, Red, meaning "red-headed or ruddy-complexioned."
REAGAN: Irish Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Riagáin, "descendant of Riagán," hence "furious, impulsive."
RÉGIS: French occupational surname, derived from Old French régir ("to rule or manage"), hence "manager, ruler."
RETALLACK: Cornish surname, derived from the name Talek ("broad-browed" or "high-browed"), hence "the high-brow."
RHETT: American English surname, derived from Dutch de Raedt, from Middle Dutch raet, meaning "advice."
RIDLEY: English surname, derived from the name of various places composed of the Old English elements hreod "reeds" and leah "clearing, meadow," hence "reed meadow."
RIGBY: English surname, derived from a place name composed of the Old Norse elements hryggr "ridge" and býr "farm, settlement," hence "ridge settlement."
RILEY: English surname, derived from a place name composed of the Old English elements ryge "rye" and leah "clearing, meadow," hence "rye meadow."
RIPLEY: English surname, derived from the name of various places composed of the Old English elements ripel "strip of land" and leah "clearing, meadow," hence "cleared strip of land."
RODNEY: English surname, derived from a place name composed of the Germanic name Hroda and the word eg "fen, island," hence "Hroda's fen/island."
ROOSEVELT: Dutch surname, composed of the elements roose "roses" and velt "open country," hence "field of roses."
ROSCOE: English surname, derived from a place name composed of the Old Norse elements rá "roe-deer" and skógr "copse, wood," hence "roe-deer wood."
ROSS: Scottish surname, derived from the Gaelic word ros, meaning "headland, promontory."
ROWAN: Irish Anglicized form of Gaelic Ruadhán, meaning "little red one."
ROYCE: English surname, derived from the medieval feminine name Royse, which is probably a horse-related name.
ROYLE: English surname, derived from a place name composed of the Old English elements ryge "rye" and hyll "hill," hence "rye hill."
ROYSTON: English surname, derived from a place name known in the Middle Ages as "settlement of Royce."
RUDYARD: English surname meaning "red paddock" or "red yard."
RUSSELL: English surname, derived from the Old French byname Rousel, meaning "little red one."
RYAN: Irish Anglicized form of the Gaelic surname Ó Riain, meaning "descendant of Rian."
RYLAND: English surname composed of the Old English elements ryge "rye" and land "land," hence "rye land."
SABELLA: Italian surname, derived from the feminine personal name Isabella, meaning "God is my oath."
SACHEVERELL: Old Norman French surname, derived from the place name Saute-Chevreuil, meaning "roe-buck leap."
SANFORD: English surname, derived from the name of numerous places composed of the Old English elements sand "sand" and ford "ford," hence "sandy river crossing."
SAWYER: English occupational surname, derived from Middle English saghier, meaning "to saw."
SCARLETT: English occupational surname for a "dyer" or "seller of fabrics," derived from Old French escarlate, meaning "scarlet cloth."
SCHOONHOVEN: Dutch surname, composed of the elements schoon "beautiful" and hoven "gardens," hence "beautiful gardens."
SCHUYLER: Dutch surname meaning "protection, shelter."
SCHWEIG: German surname meaning "peaceful, quiet."
SCOTT: Old English surname, derived from a byname for a "Scotsman."
SEARLE: Teutonic surname and personal name derived from the word serilo (Old English searo), meaning "arms, armor."
SEFTON: English surname, derived from a place name composed of Old Norse sef "rush" and Old English run "enclosure, settlement," hence "rush settlement."
SELBY: English surname, derived from a place name composed of the Old Norse elements selja "willow" and býr "farm, settlement," hence "willow settlement."
SEWARD: English surname, derived from a Middle English form of Anglo-Saxon Siweard, meaning "sea guard."
SEYMOUR: English surname, derived from the Norman baronial name Saint-Maur, meaning "St. Maurus."
SHAW: English surname meaning "copse, wood."
SHEA: Irish Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Séaghdha ("descendant of Séaghdha"), possibly meaning "hawk-like."
SHELBY: English surname, derived from a place name composed of the Middle English elements schele "hut" and by "farm, settlement," hence "settlement of huts."
SHELDON: English surname, derived from the name of a place in Derbyshire which was recorded in the Domesday Book as Scelhadun, composed of Old English scylf "shelf" and the place name Haddon (from hæð "heathland, heather, wasteland" + dun "hill"), hence "steep-sided heather hill."
SHELLEY: English surname, derived from the name of various places meaning "clearing near a ledge/slope."
SHELTON: English surname, derived from various place names composed of the Old English elements scylf "shelf" and tun "enclosure, settlement," hence "shelf settlement."
SHERIDAN: Irish Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Sirideáin ("descendant of Siride�n"), possibly meaning "searcher."
SHERMAN: English occupational surname, composed of the Old English elements sceara "shears" and mann "man," hence "shears-man."
SHERWOOD: English surname, derived from the name of the famous Sherwood Forest, composed of the Old English elements scir "bright, clear, shire" and wudu "wood," hence "bright forest."
SHIRLEY: English surname, derived from the name of various places composed of the Old English elements scir "bright" and leah "clearing, meadow," hence "bright meadow."
SIDNEY: English surname, derived from a Norman baronial name meaning "St. Denis."
SINCLAIR: Scottish surname, derived from a Norman baronial place name in France called "Saint-Clair."
SLADE: English surname, derived from Middle English slade, meaning "small valley."
SLOANE: Irish Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Sluaghadháin, "descendant of Sluaghadhán," hence "little raider."
SOROKA: Russian surname meaning "magpie."
SPENCER: English occupational surname meaning "dispenser (of provisions)."
STAFFORD: English surname, derived from a place name composed of the Old English elements staò "landing place" and ford "ford," hence "landing place at the river crossing."
STANFORD: English surname, derived from the name of various places composed of the Old English elements stan "stone" and ford "ford," hence "stony river crossing."
STANLEY: English surname, derived from the name of numerous places composed of the Old English elements stan "stone" and leah "clearing, meadow," hence "stony meadow."
STEWART: English occupational surname, derived from Old English stigweard, composed of the elements stig "house" and weard "guard," meaning "house guard; steward."
SULLIVAN: Irish Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Súileabháin ("descendant of Súileabhán"), hence "little dark eyes."
TALBOT: English surname, derived from the name Tolbert, possibly meaning "messenger of destruction."
TALEK: Cornish surname, derived from the word talawg, meaning "broad-browed" or "high-browed."
TALLACK: Variant spelling of the Cornish surname Talek, meaning "broad-browed" or "high-browed."
TANNER: English occupational surname, derived from the Middle English word tanner, possibly from a Celtic word for "oak," a wood used in tanning, hence "tanner of skins."
TATE: English surname meaning "cheerful."
TATUM: English surname meaning "Tate's homestead."
TAYLOR: English occupational surname meaning "cutter of cloth, tailor."
TEMPLE: English occupational surname, denoting someone who was employed at one of the houses called "temples," maintained by the Knights Templar.
TENNYSON: English patronymic surname, meaning "son of Tenney."
THORBURN: Scottish surname, derived from Old Norse Þorbiorn, meaning "Thor's bear."
THORLEY: English surname, composed of the Old English elements þorn "thorn bush" and leah "clearing, wood," hence "thorn clearing."
THORNTON: English surname, composed of the Old English elements þorn "thorn bush" and tun "enclosure, settlement," hence "thorn bush settlement."
THURSTON: English surname, derived from Old Norse Thorsteinn, meaning "Thor's stone."
TOBIN: English surname, derived from a pet form of Greek Tobias, meaning "God is good."
TODD: English surname, derived from a byname for a cunning person or someone with red hair, from Middle English todde, meaning "fox."
TRACY: English surname, derived from a Norman baronial name meaning "place of Thracius."
TRAFFORD: English surname, derived from the name of various places composed of the Old English elements træppe "fish-trap" and ford "ford," hence "fish-trap ford."
TRANTER: English occupational surname, derived from a name for a "peddler, hawker," who drove a wagon, derived from the Middle English word traunter, meaning "to convey."
TRAVERS: English occupational surname, derived from the Norman French word traverser, meaning "to cross," a name used for someone who was a "collector of bridge or road tolls."
TRAVIS: English occupational surname, derived from the Middle English word travis, meaning "crossing," a derivative of Old French traverser "to cross," a name used for someone who was a "collector of bridge or road tolls."
TREFOR: Welsh surname, derived from the name of various places composed of the elements tref "settlement" and for "large," hence "large settlement."
TRELAWNEY: Cornish surname
TRENT: English topographic surname meaning "lives on the river-bank."
TRENTON: English surname meaning "Trent's settlement."
TREVELYAN: Cornish surname derived from a place name meaning "settlement of Elian."
TREVITHICK: Cornish surname
TROY: English surname of French origin, meaning "from Troyes."
TRUMAN: English surname, composed of the Old English elements treowe "true, trustworthy" and mann "man," hence "true man."
TUCKER: English occupational surname, meaning "cloth fuller."
TYE: English surname, derived from the Middle English word tye, meaning "pasture."
TYLER: English occupational surname meaning "roof-tiler."
TYRRELL: English surname, possibly derived from a Norman byname for a "stubborn" person.
TYSON: English surname, derived from a byname for a person who is "fiery tempered," from the Old French word tison, meaning "firebrand."
UPTON: English surname, composed of the Old English elements up "upper" and tun "enclosure, settlement," hence "upper settlement."
VANCE: English topographic surname, derived from the Old English word fenn "fen," hence "lives by a fen/marsh."
VAN DER AA (van der ä): Probably the same Aa as the name of various rivers in the Netherlands, derived from a common Teutonic word, meaning "river," hence "of the river." Compare with Gothic ahwa, Old High German aha, Anglo-Saxon eá. The surname Van der Aa was borne by several historical characters, including Pieter van der Aa (1659-1733), a Dutch publisher and engraver who, with his brothers, formed a publishing house at Leyden around 1682. He was best known for preparing maps and atlases. The Aa genus of orchid was named after him by the botanist Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach.
VAUGHAN: Welsh surname, derived from the personal name Vaughn, meaning "little."